Datasets collected during TW-ICE cruise to Kongsfjorden in July 2017. The datasets contain measurements close to glacier fronts taken with a research vessel and helicopter, and have been published in Halbach et al. (2019; see the "Citation Custom" field). The datasets are compiled following files: **Nutrient data.csv** Nutrient measurements together with station metadata. Columns: station = station name; vessel = either the research vessel (Lance) or helicopter; lon = longitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); lat = latitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); date = date in ISO8601 format; area = zone used in the article; dist = distance from the closest glacier front in km; depth = bottom depth in m at the station; from = the water depth from which the sample was collected in m; sal = salinity from the closest CTD; temp = water temperature from the closest CTD; type = water type classification based on salinity and temperature (see the article); ctd.name = name of the closest CTD cast; chla = chlorophyll a in mg m-3; phaeo = phaeophytin in mg m-3; tsm = total suspended matter in g m-3; no2 = nitrite concentration in mmol m-3; no3 = nitrate concentration in mmol m-3; sioh4 = silicate concentration in mmol m-3; po4 = phosphate concentration in mmol m-3; nh4 = ammonium concentration in mmol m-3; urea = urea concentration in mmol m-3. **Phytoplankton data.csv** Phytoplankton taxonomy data together with station metadata. Columns: station = station name; lon = longitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); lat = latitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); date = date in ISO8601 format; area = zone used in the article; dist = distance from the closest glacier front in km; depth = bottom depth in m at the station; from = the water depth from which the sample was collected in m; sal = salinity from the closest CTD; temp = water temperature from the closest CTD; type = water type classification based on salinity and temperature (see the article); ctd.name = name of the closest CTD cast; group = coarse functional grouping; species = species or taxa; abundance = abundance of the species in cells dm-3. **CTD data.json** CTD data in a list format. See the [oce-class](https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/oce/versions/1.0-1/topics/ctd-class) documentation for the `oce` R package for further details on formatting. The results are from a Sea-Bird SBE 9 (Lance) and Hydro-Bios Multi-Water-Sampler (helicopter). **Water type data.csv** Water type classification data together with station metadata. Columns: row_id = unique ID for a CTD cast; station = station name; vessel = either the research vessel (Lance) or helicopter; lon = longitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); lat = latitude as decimal degrees (WGS84); date = date in ISO8601 format; area = zone used in the article; depth = bottom depth in m at the station; ctd.name = name of the closest CTD cast; type = water type classification based on salinity and temperature (see the article); freq = frequency of 1 decibar bins containing the given water type; per = percentage of 1 decibar bins containing the given water type as compared to total number of bins for a CTD cast. **Mixed layer data.csv** Mixed layer data. Columns: station = station name; ctd.name = name of the closest CTD cast; pres = pressure of the maximum N2 bin in decibars; sal = salinity at the maximum N2 depth; temp = water temperature at the maximum N2 depth in Celsius; rho = potential water density at the maximum N2 depth; n2 = the maximum Brunt-Väisälä-frequency during CTD cast close to the surface; mld = estimated mixed layer depth based on maximum N2 in m. **Euphotic depth data.csv** Euphotic depth data. Columns: station = station name; depth = depth of the estimated euphotic depth in m; par = photosynthetically active radiation at the euphotic depth; spar = photosynthetically active radiation on the surface; per = percentage ratio between par and spar.

CTD (salinity, temperature and depth) profiles from ship-based casts with SBE911 CTD and rosette and associated water sampling.

Data on ocean turbulent fluxes from Turbulence Instrument Cluster (TIC) deployed below ice floe. Quality controlled (QC) 3-hourly averaged under-ice turbulence data data, heat flux and friction velocity (u star) with complete metadata (time and position). Version 2.4 Matlab format has correct Latitudes and Longitudes. Salt fluxes are included, but not quality controlled to the same extent. Variables: Name Size Units Description friction_vel 1x556 [m/s] Friction velocity u*=((<u'w'>)^2+(<v'w'>)^2)^(1/4) heatflux 1x556 [W/m^2] Heat flux, Hf=rho*cp*<T'w'> saltflux 1x556 [psu m/s] Salt flux <S'w'> speed 1x556 [cm/s] Horizontal water speed salt 1x556 [PSU] (Practical) Salinity temp 1x556 [oC] Temperature lat 1x556 [o] Decimal degree latitude lon 1x556 [o] Decimal degree longitude time 1x556 [day] MatLab serial date number version Version 2.4 | Algot Peterson | 21-Nov-2019 ********************************* Salt fluxes are included, but not quality controlled to the same extent, and are thus named saltflux_raw. Variables in the netcdf file (note that the Latitudes and Longitudes are incorrect in the netcdf file): ``` Name Size Units Description friction_vel 1x556 [m/s] Friction velocity u*=((<u'w'>)^2+(<v'w'>)^2)^(1/4) heatflux 1x556 [W/m^2] Heat flux, Hf=rho*cp*<T'w'> saltflux_raw 1x556 [psu m/s] Salt flux <S'w'> speed 1x556 [cm/s] Horizontal water speed salt 1x556 [PSU] (Practical) Salinity temp 1x556 [oC] Temperature lat 1x556 [o] Decimal degree latitude lon 1x556 [o] Decimal degree longitude time 1x556 [day] MatLab serial date number version Version 2.3 | Algot Peterson | 11-Nov-2016 ```

Phytoplankton, pigment, bacteria and biogeochemistry data from an ecosystem cruise to Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean, in March 2019 with the R/V Kronprins Haakon.

Data on various environmental resources have been assessed for vulnerability to acute oil pollution and given a priority 1 to 3, 3 being the most vulnerable. Resources included are shoreline cultural heritage sites, walrus and harbour seal haul-out sites, seabird colonies, anadromous Arctic charr river outlets, and shoreline substrate. The dataset is meant to help prioritize clean-up efforts in the immediate phase after a spill has occurred.

The dataset contains a subset of physical oceanography data collected by the Norwegian Institute between 1981 and 2015. The data come from moored instruments (current meters, ADCPs, temperature and salinity sensors), and from CTD casts (standard casts from ships, and casts with portable equipment on helicopter transects). It also contains bottle data (such as oxygen isotope ratios and nutrients), sea ice thicknesses observed by upward looking sonars, and sea ice drift observed by ADCPs. This dataset is available as a JSON API only.

Protist taxonomy and abundance (in cells per L) from microscopy samples from the Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean. Samples were collected on an ecosystem cruise in March 2019. See Kauko et al. (in prep.) and [Kauko et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.623856) for more details.

Chlorophyll (Chl) a profiles obtained with vertical in situ fluorescence measurements on an ecosystem cruise to Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean, in March 2019 with the R/V Kronprins Haakon.

Atmospheric profiles of temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction from radiosondes released from the ship. A total of 258 radiosonde launches were conducted during the N-ICE 2015 cruise from January 12th to June 22nd. Sondes were launched two times a day around 0 UTC and 12 UTC.

The dataset contains high resolution seismic reflection profiles from the inner part of Kongsfjorden, printed on paper, with selected profiles photocopied. The profiles were taken in summer 1974 during an investigation into glacial processes and the glacial history of Svalbard by G.S.Boulton. There was no attempt to systematically cover the whole of Kongsfjorden but to establish some profiles in what were judged to be critical or representative locations. It was hoped that the profiling would provide a seismic stratigraphy.